Table of contents

1. Basics

2. Active and passive earth pressure

3. Stability analysis

4. Unlined construction pits

5. Unsupported building pit walls fixed in the ground

6. Building pit walls with a single support

7. Building pit walls with multiple supports

8. Foundation modulus method

9. Finite Element Method

10. Conditions of equilibrium

11. Design of individual components

12. Sample calculations

13. Tables

14. References