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| Author(s): | Zimmermann, Gerd; Werner, Frank |
| Title: | |
| Abstract: | Die Stahlbauweise durchlief in der ersten Hälfte des 20. Jh. eine dynamische Entwicklung. Als erste der modernen Bau weisen musste sie auf vielen Gebieten wesentliche Grundlagen schaffen. Die vielfältigen Einsatzgebiete, wie Skelettbauten, unterschiedlichste Hallen- und Brückenkonstruktionen, Kuppeln, Maste, riesige Behälter u. v. m., verlangten nach sicheren, zuverlässigen und ökonomischen Lösungen bei höchst unterschiedlichen Anforderungen. Der Werkstoff Stahl hat der Moderne wesentliche Chancen eröffnet und diese Epoche eindrucksvoll geprägt. Die Erzeugung von Bessemerstahl (1855) und Siemens-Martin-Stahl (1865) bildete die Basis für entscheidende Fortschritte in der Qualität des Materials. Es begann die Massenerzeugung von Baustahl. Ende der 1930er-Jahre war das grundlegende Sortiment der Baustähle geschaffen. Die Technologie der Stahlbearbeitung mit hydraulischen Scheren und Pressen mit über 1 000 t Druck erlaubte schon zum Ende des 19. Jh. eine sehr effektive Produktion. Nach der Jahrhundertwende fanden Autogenschneidbrenner, Pressluftwerkzeuge und elektrisch betriebene Werkzeuge rasch Eingang in den Herstellungsprozess. Der Stahlbau produzierte immer auf industrieller Grundlage. Das Nieten bildete die beherrschende Verbindungstechnik zum Ende des 19. Jh. In den 1920er-Jahren begann sich die Schweißtechnik ernsthaft zu etablieren. Damit wurden neue, konstruktiv klare, material- und herstellungs effektive Details und Baugruppen möglich. Steel - structural material of the Modern Era - from cast iron to high-strength, weldable structural steel Steel construction underwent a very dynamic development in the first half of the 20th century. As the first of the modern construction methods, it had to create essential foundations in many areas. The diverse fields of application, such as skeleton constructions, diverse hall and bridge constructions, domes, masts, large containers and much more, demanded safe, reliable and economical solutions for the most varied requirements. Steel as a material has opened up significant opportunities for Moderne and has impressively shaped this epoch. The production of acid Bessemer steel (1855) and acid Siemens-Martin steel (1865) formed the basis for decisive advances in the quality of the material. Mass production of structural steel began, and the quality of the material reached a new level. At the end of the 1930s, the basic range of structural steels was established. The technology of steel processing with hydraulic shears and presses with over 1 000 t pressure allowed very effective production by the end of the 19th century. After the turn of the century oxyacetylene cutting torches, compressed air tools and electrically operated tools quickly found their way into the production process. Steel structures always have been produced on an industrial basis. Riveting was the dominant joining technique at the end of the 19th century. In the 1920s, welding technology began to establish itself seriously. This made new, structurally clear, material- and production-effective details and assemblies possible. |
| Source: | Stahlbau 88 (2019), No. 10 |
| Page/s: | 1024-1033 |
| Language of Publication: | German |
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